In the middle of the dorsal surface of the embryo is a linear structure called the notochord. The embryo is covered on the dorsal surface by a layer of cells called ectoderm. In more detail, around the third week of development, the embryo is a three-layered disc. The fourth ventricle narrows at the obex (in the caudal medulla), to become the central canal of the spinal cord. The structures of the ventricular system are embryologically derived from the neural canal, the centre of the neural tube.Īs the part of the primitive neural tube that will develop into the brainstem, the neural canal expands dorsally and laterally, creating the fourth ventricle, whereas the neural canal that does not expand and remains the same at the level of the midbrain superior to the fourth ventricle forms the cerebral aqueduct. The ventricles are concerned with the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. The two largest are the lateral ventricles in the cerebrum, the third ventricle is in the diencephalon of the forebrain between the right and left thalamus, and the fourth ventricle is located at the back of the pons and upper half of the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. The four cavities of the human brain are called ventricles. Ventricles 3D rendering of ventricles (lateral and anterior views). Subarachnoid space via the cistern of great cerebral vein Right and left lateral aperture (Luschka) Subarachnoid space via the cisterna magna The interventricular foramina (also called the foramina of Monro) connect the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through which the cerebrospinal fluid can flow. There are several foramina, openings acting as channels, that connect the ventricles. lateral ventricles right and left (one for each hemisphere).Structure Size and location of the ventricular system in the human head. Īll of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord are lined with ependyma, a specialised form of epithelium connected by tight junctions that make up the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord from the fourth ventricle, allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate. Within each ventricle is a region of choroid plexus which produces the circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities known as cerebral ventricles in the brain.
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